決策

// Good:
const MaxPacketSize = 512

const (
    ExecuteBit = 1 << iota
    WriteBit
    ReadBit
)

// Bad:
const MAX_PACKET_SIZE = 512
const kMaxBufferSize = 1024
const KMaxUsersPergroup = 500

// Bad:
const Twelve = 12

const (
    UserNameColumn = "username"
    GroupColumn    = "group"
)

// Good:
limitRaw := r.FormValue("limit")
limit, err := strconv.Atoi(limitRaw)

// Good:
limitStr := r.FormValue("limit")
limit, err := strconv.Atoi(limitStr)

// Bad:
// In package "ads/targeting/revenue/reporting"
type AdsTargetingRevenueReport struct{}

func (p *Project) ProjectName() string

// Good:
// In package "ads/targeting/revenue/reporting"
type Report struct{}

func (p *Project) Name() string

// Bad:
// In package "sqldb"
type DBConnection struct{}

// Good:
// In package "sqldb"
type Connection struct{}

// Bad:
// In package "ads/targeting"
func Process(in *pb.FooProto) *Report {
    adsTargetingID := in.GetAdsTargetingID()
}

// Good:
// In package "ads/targeting"
func Process(in *pb.FooProto) *Report {
    id := in.GetAdsTargetingID()
}

// Bad:
func (db *DB) UserCount() (userCount int, err error) {
    var userCountInt64 int64
    if dbLoadError := db.LoadFromDatabase("count(distinct users)", &userCountInt64); dbLoadError != nil {
        return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to load user count: %s", dbLoadError)
    }
    userCount = int(userCountInt64)
    return userCount, nil
}

// Good:
func (db *DB) UserCount() (int, error) {
    var count int64
    if err := db.Load("count(distinct users)", &count); err != nil {
        return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to load user count: %s", err)
    }
    return int(count), nil
}

# Good:
// This is a comment paragraph.
// The length of individual lines doesn't matter in Godoc;
// but the choice of wrapping makes it easy to read on narrow screens.
//
// Don't worry too much about the long URL:
// https://supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.example.com:8080/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Geomyoidea/Geomyidae/
//
// Similarly, if you have other information that is made awkward
// by too many line breaks, use your judgment and include a long line
// if it helps rather than hinders.

# Bad:
// This is a comment paragraph. While some code editors and viewers will wrap the paragraph for the reader, others will display a very long line that will overflow most windows and require users to scroll horizontally. In addition, even on a screen capable of displaying the entire line, it is easier to read a narrower paragraph than very wide one.
//
// Don't worry too much about the long URL:
// https://supercalifragilisticexpialidocious.example.com:8080/Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Geomyoidea/Geomyidae/

// Good:
// A Request represents a request to run a command.
type Request struct { ...

// Encode writes the JSON encoding of req to w.
func Encode(w io.Writer, req *Request) { ...

// Good:
// Options configure the group management service.
type Options struct {
    // General setup:
    Name  string
    Group *FooGroup

    // Dependencies:
    DB *sql.DB

    // Customization:
    LargeGroupThreshold int // optional; default: 10
    MinimumMembers      int // optional; default: 2
}

// Good:
// A Server handles serving quotes from the collected works of Shakespeare.
type Server struct {
    // BaseDir points to the base directory under which Shakespeare's works are stored.
    //
    // The directory structure is expected to be the following:
    //   {BaseDir}/manifest.json
    //   {BaseDir}/{name}/{name}-part{number}.txt
    BaseDir string

    WelcomeMessage  string // displayed when user logs in
    ProtocolVersion string // checked against incoming requests
    PageLength      int    // lines per page when printing (optional; default: 20)
}

// Good:
func (n *Node) Parent1() *Node
func (n *Node) Parent2() (*Node, error)

// Good:
func (n *Node) Children() (left, right *Node, err error)

// Good:
// WithTimeout returns a context that will be canceled no later than d duration
// from now.
//
// The caller must arrange for the returned cancel function to be called when
// the context is no longer needed to prevent a resource leak.
func WithTimeout(parent Context, d time.Duration) (ctx Context, cancel func())

// Bad:
func (n *Node) Parent1() (node *Node)
func (n *Node) Parent2() (node *Node, err error)

// Good:
// Package math provides basic constants and mathematical functions.
//
// This package does not guarantee bit-identical results across architectures.
package math

// Good:
// The seed_generator command is a utility that generates a Finch seed file
// from a set of JSON study configs.
package main

// Good:
// Binary seed_generator ...
// Command seed_generator ...
// Program seed_generator ...
// The seed_generator command ...
// The seed_generator program ...
// Seed_generator ...

// Good:
import (
    foosvcpb "path/to/package/foo_service_go_proto"
)

// Good:
import (
    core "github.com/kubernetes/api/core/v1"
    meta "github.com/kubernetes/apimachinery/pkg/apis/meta/v1beta1"
)

// Good:
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "hash/adler32"
    "os"

    "github.com/dsnet/compress/flate"
    "golang.org/x/text/encoding"
    "google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"

    foopb "myproj/foo/proto/proto"

    _ "myproj/rpc/protocols/dial"
    _ "myproj/security/auth/authhooks"
)

// Bad:
package foo_test

import (
    "bar/testutil" // also imports "foo"
    . "foo"
)

var myThing = Bar() // Bar defined in package foo; no qualification needed.

// Good:
package foo_test

import (
    "bar/testutil" // also imports "foo"
    "foo"
)

var myThing = foo.Bar()

// Good:
func Good() error { /* ... */ }

// Good:
func GoodLookup() (*Result, error) {
    // ...
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return res, nil
}

// Bad:
func Bad() *os.PathError { /*...*/ }

// Bad:
err := fmt.Errorf("Something bad happened.")

// Good:
err := fmt.Errorf("something bad happened")

// Good:
log.Infof("Operation aborted: %v", err)
log.Errorf("Operation aborted: %v", err)
t.Errorf("Op(%q) failed unexpectedly; err=%v", args, err)

// Good:
var b *bytes.Buffer

n, _ := b.Write(p) // never returns a non-nil error

// Bad:
// Lookup returns the value for key or -1 if there is no mapping for key.
func Lookup(key string) int

// Bad:
// The following line returns an error that Parse failed for the input value,
// whereas the failure was that there is no mapping for missingKey.
return Parse(Lookup(missingKey))

// Good:
// Lookup returns the value for key or ok=false if there is no mapping for key.
func Lookup(key string) (value string, ok bool)

// Good:
value, ok := Lookup(key)
if !ok {
    return fmt.Errorf("no value for %q", key)
}
return Parse(value)

// Good:
if err != nil {
    // error handling
    return // or continue, etc.
}
// normal code

// Bad:
if err != nil {
    // error handling
} else {
    // normal code that looks abnormal due to indentation
}

// Good:
good := []*Type{{Key: "value"}}

// Good:
good := []*Type{
    {Key: "multi"},
    {Key: "line"},
}

// Bad:
bad := []*Type{
    {Key: "multi"},
    {Key: "line"}}

// Bad:
bad := []*Type{
    {
        Key: "value"},
}

// Good:
good := []*Type{
    { // Not cuddled
        Field: "value",
    },
    {
        Field: "value",
    },
}

// Good:
good := []*Type{{ // Cuddled correctly
    Field: "value",
}, {
    Field: "value",
}}

// Good:
good := []*Type{
    first, // Can't be cuddled
    {Field: "second"},
}

// Good:
okay := []*pb.Type{pb.Type_builder{
    Field: "first", // Proto Builders may be cuddled to save vertical space
}.Build(), pb.Type_builder{
    Field: "second",
}.Build()}

// Bad:
bad := []*Type{
    first,
    {
        Field: "second",
    }}

// Good:
good := []*Type{
    {A: 42},
    {A: 43},
}

// Bad:
repetitive := []*Type{
    &Type{A: 42},
    &Type{A: 43},
}

// Good:
good := map[Type1]*Type2{
    {A: 1}: {B: 2},
    {A: 3}: {B: 4},
}

// Bad:
repetitive := map[Type1]*Type2{
    Type1{A: 1}: &Type2{B: 2},
    Type1{A: 3}: &Type2{B: 4},
}

// Bad:
import (
  "github.com/golang/leveldb"
  "github.com/golang/leveldb/db"
)

ldb := leveldb.Open("/my/table", &db.Options{
    BlockSize: 1<<16,
    ErrorIfDBExists: true,

    // These fields all have their zero values.
    BlockRestartInterval: 0,
    Comparer: nil,
    Compression: nil,
    FileSystem: nil,
    FilterPolicy: nil,
    MaxOpenFiles: 0,
    WriteBufferSize: 0,
    VerifyChecksums: false,
})

// Good:
import (
  "github.com/golang/leveldb"
  "github.com/golang/leveldb/db"
)

ldb := leveldb.Open("/my/table", &db.Options{
    BlockSize: 1<<16,
    ErrorIfDBExists: true,
})

tests := []struct {
    input      string
    wantPieces []string
    wantErr    error
}{
    {
        input:      "1.2.3.4",
        wantPieces: []string{"1", "2", "3", "4"},
    },
    {
        input:   "hostname",
        wantErr: ErrBadHostname,
    },
}

tests := []struct {
    input    string
    wantIPv4 bool
    wantIPv6 bool
    wantErr  bool
}{
    {
        input:    "1.2.3.4",
        wantIPv4: true,
        wantIPv6: false,
    },
    {
        input:    "1:2::3:4",
        wantIPv4: false,
        wantIPv6: true,
    },
    {
        input:    "hostname",
        wantIPv4: false,
        wantIPv6: false,
        wantErr:  true,
    },
}

// Good:
import "fmt"

var s []int         // nil

fmt.Println(s)      // []
fmt.Println(len(s)) // 0
fmt.Println(cap(s)) // 0
for range s {...}   // no-op

s = append(s, 42)
fmt.Println(s)      // [42]

// Good:
var t []string

// Bad:
t := []string{}

// Good:
// Ping pings its targets.
// Returns hosts that successfully responded.
func Ping(hosts []string) ([]string, error) { ... }

// Bad:
// Ping pings its targets and returns a list of hosts
// that successfully responded. Can be empty if the input was empty.
// nil signifies that a system error occurred.
func Ping(hosts []string) []string { ... }

// Good:
// describeInts describes s with the given prefix, unless s is empty.
func describeInts(prefix string, s []int) {
    if len(s) == 0 {
        return
    }
    fmt.Println(prefix, s)
}

// Bad:
func maybeInts() []int { /* ... */ }

// describeInts describes s with the given prefix; pass nil to skip completely.
func describeInts(prefix string, s []int) {
  // The behavior of this function unintentionally changes depending on what
  // maybeInts() returns in 'empty' cases (nil or []int{}).
  if s == nil {
    return
  }
  fmt.Println(prefix, s)
}

describeInts("Here are some ints:", maybeInts())

// Bad:
if longCondition1 && longCondition2 &&
    // Conditions 3 and 4 have the same indentation as the code within the if.
    longCondition3 && longCondition4 {
    log.Info("all conditions met")
}

// Bad:
func (r *SomeType) SomeLongFunctionName(foo1, foo2, foo3 string,
    foo4, foo5, foo6 int) {
    foo7 := bar(foo1)
    // ...
}

// Good:
local := helper(some, parameters, here)
good := foo.Call(list, of, parameters, local)

// Good:
good := foo.Call(long, list, of, parameters, all, on, one, line)

// Bad:
bad := foo.Call(long, list, of, parameters,
    with, arbitrary, line, breaks)

// Good:
good := server.New(ctx, server.Options{Port: 42})

// Bad:
bad := server.New(
    ctx,
    42, // Port
)

// Good:
canvas.RenderHeptagon(fillColor,
    x0, y0, vertexColor0,
    x1, y1, vertexColor1,
    x2, y2, vertexColor2,
    x3, y3, vertexColor3,
    x4, y4, vertexColor4,
    x5, y5, vertexColor5,
    x6, y6, vertexColor6,
)

// Good:
log.Warningf("Database key (%q, %d, %q) incompatible in transaction started by (%q, %d, %q)",
    currentCustomer, currentOffset, currentKey,
    txCustomer, txOffset, txKey)

// Bad:
log.Warningf("Database key (%q, %d, %q) incompatible in"+
    " transaction started by (%q, %d, %q)",
    currentCustomer, currentOffset, currentKey, txCustomer,
    txOffset, txKey)

// Bad:
// The second if statement is aligned with the code within the if block, causing
// indentation confusion.
if db.CurrentStatusIs(db.InTransaction) &&
    db.ValuesEqual(db.TransactionKey(), row.Key()) {
    return db.Errorf(db.TransactionError, "query failed: row (%v): key does not match transaction key", row)
}

// Good:
inTransaction := db.CurrentStatusIs(db.InTransaction)
keysMatch := db.ValuesEqual(db.TransactionKey(), row.Key())
if inTransaction && keysMatch {
    return db.Error(db.TransactionError, "query failed: row (%v): key does not match transaction key", row)
}

// Good:
uid := user.GetUniqueUserID()
if db.UserIsAdmin(uid) || db.UserHasPermission(uid, perms.ViewServerConfig) || db.UserHasPermission(uid, perms.CreateGroup) {
    // ...
}

// Bad:
if db.UserIsAdmin(user.GetUniqueUserID()) || db.UserHasPermission(user.GetUniqueUserID(), perms.ViewServerConfig) || db.UserHasPermission(user.GetUniqueUserID(), perms.CreateGroup) {
    // ...
}

// Good:
if err := db.RunInTransaction(func(tx *db.TX) error {
    return tx.Execute(userUpdate, x, y, z)
}); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("user update failed: %s", err)
}

// Good:
if _, err := client.Update(ctx, &upb.UserUpdateRequest{
    ID:   userID,
    User: user,
}); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("user update failed: %s", err)
}

// Good:
for i, max := 0, collection.Size(); i < max && !collection.HasPendingWriters(); i++ {
    // ...
}

// Good:
for i, max := 0, collection.Size(); i < max; i++ {
    if collection.HasPendingWriters() {
        break
    }
    // ...
}

// Good:
switch good := db.TransactionStatus(); good {
case db.TransactionStarting, db.TransactionActive, db.TransactionWaiting:
    // ...
case db.TransactionCommitted, db.NoTransaction:
    // ...
default:
    // ...
}

// Bad:
switch bad := db.TransactionStatus(); bad {
case db.TransactionStarting,
    db.TransactionActive,
    db.TransactionWaiting:
    // ...
case db.TransactionCommitted,
    db.NoTransaction:
    // ...
default:
    // ...
}

// Good:
switch db.TransactionStatus() {
case
    db.TransactionStarting,
    db.TransactionActive,
    db.TransactionWaiting,
    db.TransactionCommitted:

    // ...
case db.NoTransaction:
    // ...
default:
    // ...
}

// Good:
if result == "foo" {
  // ...
}

// Bad:
if "foo" == result {
  // ...
}

// Bad:
b1 := bytes.Buffer{}
b2 := b1

// Good:
type Record struct {
  buf bytes.Buffer
  // other fields omitted
}

func New() *Record {...}

func (r *Record) Process(...) {...}

func Consumer(r *Record) {...}

// Bad:
type Record struct {
  buf bytes.Buffer
  // other fields omitted
}


func (r Record) Process(...) {...} // Makes a copy of r.buf

func Consumer(r Record) {...} // Makes a copy of r.buf

// Good:
func MustParse(version string) *Version {
    v, err := Parse(version)
    if err != nil {
        panic(fmt.Sprintf("MustParse(%q) = _, %v", version, err))
    }
    return v
}

// Package level "constant". If we wanted to use `Parse`, we would have had to
// set the value in `init`.
var DefaultVersion = MustParse("1.2.3")

// Good:
func mustMarshalAny(t *testing.T, m proto.Message) *anypb.Any {
  t.Helper()
  any, err := anypb.New(m)
  if err != nil {
    t.Fatalf("mustMarshalAny(t, m) = %v; want %v", err, nil)
  }
  return any
}

func TestCreateObject(t *testing.T) {
  tests := []struct{
    desc string
    data *anypb.Any
  }{
    {
      desc: "my test case",
      // Creating values directly within table driven test cases.
      data: mustMarshalAny(t, mypb.Object{}),
    },
    // ...
  }
  // ...
}

// Bad:
func Version(o *servicepb.Object) (*version.Version, error) {
    // Return error instead of using Must functions.
    v := version.MustParse(o.GetVersionString())
    return dealiasVersion(v)
}

// Bad:
ch := make(chan int)
ch <- 42
close(ch)
ch <- 13 // panic

// Good:
func (w *Worker) Run(ctx context.Context) error {
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    // ...
    for item := range w.q {
        // process returns at latest when the context is cancelled.
        wg.Add(1)
        go func() {
            defer wg.Done()
            process(ctx, item)
        }()
    }
    // ...
    wg.Wait()  // Prevent spawned goroutines from outliving this function.
}

// Bad:
func (w *Worker) Run() {
    // ...
    for item := range w.q {
        // process returns when it finishes, if ever, possibly not cleanly
        // handling a state transition or termination of the Go program itself.
        go process(item)
    }
    // ...
}